Instituto Nacional de ciberseguridad. Sección Incibe
Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad. Sección INCIBE-CERT

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CVE-2025-54465

Severity CVSS v4.0:
MEDIUM
Type:
CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Publication date:
13/08/2025
Last modified:
13/08/2025

Description

This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.<br /> <br /> Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

Impact

Vector 4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N CVSS v4.0 Severity and Metrics:

Base Score: 6.80 MEDIUM
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector (AV): Physical
Attack Complexity (AC): Low
Attack Requirements (AT): None
Privileges Required (PR): None
User Interaction (UI): None
Confidentiality (VC): High
Integrity (VI): High
Availability (VA): None
Confidentiality (SC): None
Integrity (SI): None
Availability (SA): None

Base Score 4.0
6.80
Severity 4.0
MEDIUM

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools