Instituto Nacional de ciberseguridad. Sección Incibe
Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad. Sección INCIBE-CERT

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CVE-2025-71409

Severity CVSS v4.0:
HIGH
Type:
CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Publication date:
07/08/2026
Last modified:
10/08/2026

Description

Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Impact

Vector 4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L CVSS v4.0 Severity and Metrics:

Base Score: 7.10 HIGH
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L

Attack Vector (AV): Network
Attack Complexity (AC): High
Attack Requirements (AT): None
Privileges Required (PR): Low
User Interaction (UI): None
Confidentiality (VC): None
Integrity (VI): High
Availability (VA): Low
Confidentiality (SC): None
Integrity (SI): High
Availability (SA): Low

Base Score 4.0
7.10
Severity 4.0
HIGH
Vector 3.x
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L CVSS v3.1 Severity and Metrics:

Base Score: 7.10 HIGH
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

Attack Vector (AV): Network
Attack Complexity (AC): High
Privileges Required (PR): Low
User Interaction (UI): None
Scope (S): Changed
Confidentiality (C): None
Integrity (I): High
Availability (A): Low

Base Score 3.x
7.10
Severity 3.x
HIGH

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools