Instituto Nacional de ciberseguridad. Sección Incibe
Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad. Sección INCIBE-CERT

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CVE-2025-9905

Severity CVSS v4.0:
HIGH
Type:
Unavailable / Other
Publication date:
19/09/2025
Last modified:
19/09/2025

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.<br /> <br /> One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.<br /> <br /> This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives.<br /> <br /> Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

Impact

Vector 4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H CVSS v4.0 Severity and Metrics:

Base Score: 7.30 HIGH
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Attack Vector (AV): Local
Attack Complexity (AC): High
Attack Requirements (AT): Present
Privileges Required (PR): Low
User Interaction (UI): Passsive
Confidentiality (VC): High
Integrity (VI): High
Availability (VA): High
Confidentiality (SC): High
Integrity (SI): High
Availability (SA): High

Base Score 4.0
7.30
Severity 4.0
HIGH

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools