Vulnerabilities

flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to version 3.4.2, the parse() function in flatted can use attacker-controlled string values from the parsed JSON as direct array index keys, without validating that they are numeric. Since the internal input buffer is a JavaScript Array, accessing it with the key "__proto__" returns Array.prototype via the inherited getter. This object is then treated as a legitimate parsed value and assigned as a property of the output object, effectively leaking a live reference to Array.prototype to the consumer. Any code that subsequently writes to that property will pollute the global prototype. This issue has been patched in version 3.4.2.

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. In versions 3.9.3 and prior, `nltk.app.wordnet_app` contains a reflected cross-site scripting issue in the `lookup_...` route. A crafted `lookup_` URL can inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript into the response page because attacker-controlled `word` data is reflected into HTML without escaping. This impacts users running the local WordNet Browser server and can lead to script execution in the browser origin of that application. Commit 1c3f799607eeb088cab2491dcf806ae83c29ad8f fixes the issue.

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. In versions 3.9.3 and prior, `nltk.app.wordnet_app` allows unauthenticated remote shutdown of the local WordNet Browser HTTP server when it is started in its default mode. A simple `GET /SHUTDOWN%20THE%20SERVER` request causes the process to terminate immediately via `os._exit(0)`, resulting in a denial of service. Commit bbaae83db86a0f49e00f5b0db44a7254c268de9b patches the issue.

HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to version 6.9.0, when setting headers in HTTP requests, the internal HTTP client sends headers first to the host in the initial URL but also, if asked to follow redirects and a 30X HTTP response code is returned, to the host mentioned in URL in the Location: response header value. Sending the same set of headers to subsequent hosts is a problem as this header often contains privacy sensitive information or data that could allow others to impersonate the client's request. This issue has been patched in release 6.9.0. No known workarounds are available.

gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Versions prior to 1.79.3 have an authorization bypass resulting from improper input validation of the HTTP/2 `:path` pseudo-header. The gRPC-Go server was too lenient in its routing logic, accepting requests where the `:path` omitted the mandatory leading slash (e.g., `Service/Method` instead of `/Service/Method`). While the server successfully routed these requests to the correct handler, authorization interceptors (including the official `grpc/authz` package) evaluated the raw, non-canonical path string. Consequently, "deny" rules defined using canonical paths (starting with `/`) failed to match the incoming request, allowing it to bypass the policy if a fallback "allow" rule was present. This affects gRPC-Go servers that use path-based authorization interceptors, such as the official RBAC implementation in `google.golang.org/grpc/authz` or custom interceptors relying on `info.FullMethod` or `grpc.Method(ctx)`; AND that have a security policy contains specific "deny" rules for canonical paths but allows other requests by default (a fallback "allow" rule). The vulnerability is exploitable by an attacker who can send raw HTTP/2 frames with malformed `:path` headers directly to the gRPC server. The fix in version 1.79.3 ensures that any request with a `:path` that does not start with a leading slash is immediately rejected with a `codes.Unimplemented` error, preventing it from reaching authorization interceptors or handlers with a non-canonical path string. While upgrading is the most secure and recommended path, users can mitigate the vulnerability using one of the following methods: Use a validating interceptor (recommended mitigation); infrastructure-level normalization; and/or policy hardening.

SiYuan is a personal knowledge management system. Prior to version 3.6.2, the `IsSensitivePath()` function in `kernel/util/path.go` uses a denylist approach that was recently expanded (GHSA-h5vh-m7fg-w5h6, commit 9914fd1) but remains incomplete. Multiple security-relevant Linux directories are not blocked, including `/opt` (application data), `/usr` (local configs/binaries), `/home` (other users), `/mnt` and `/media` (mounted volumes). The `globalCopyFiles` and `importStdMd` endpoints rely on `IsSensitivePath` as their primary defense against reading files outside the workspace. Version 3.6.2 contains an updated fix.

SiYuan is a personal knowledge management system. Prior to version 3.6.2, the SiYuan kernel WebSocket server accepts unauthenticated connections when a specific "auth keepalive" query parameter is present. After connection, incoming messages are parsed using unchecked type assertions on attacker-controlled JSON. A remote attacker can send malformed messages that trigger a runtime panic, potentially crashing the kernel process and causing denial of service. Version 3.6.2 fixes the issue.

SimpleJWT is a simple JSON web token library written in PHP. Prior to version 1.1.1, an unauthenticated attacker can perform a Denial of Service via JWE header tampering when PBES2 algorithms are used. Applications that call JWE::decrypt() on attacker-controlled JWEs using PBES2 algorithms are affected. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.1.

Avo is a framework to create admin panels for Ruby on Rails apps. Prior to version 3.30.3, a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in the return_to query parameter used in the avo interface. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that injects arbitrary JavaScript, which is executed when he clicks a dynamically generated navigation button. This issue has been patched in version 3.30.3.

The WebSocket Application Programming Interface lacks restrictions on the number of authentication requests. This absence of rate limiting may allow an attacker to conduct denial-of-service attacks by suppressing or mis-routing legitimate charger telemetry, or conduct brute-force attacks to gain unauthorized access.

Charging station authentication identifiers are publicly accessible via web-based mapping platforms.

The WebSocket backend uses charging station identifiers to uniquely associate sessions but allows multiple endpoints to connect using the same session identifier. This implementation results in predictable session identifiers and enables session hijacking or shadowing, where the most recent connection displaces the legitimate charging station and receives backend commands intended for that station. This vulnerability may allow unauthorized users to authenticate as other users or enable a malicious actor to cause a denial-of-service condition by overwhelming the backend with valid session requests.