Vulnerabilities

A vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

In Apache CloudStack, a flaw in access control affects the listTemplates and listIsos APIs. A malicious Domain Admin or Resource Admin can exploit this issue by intentionally specifying the &amp;#39;domainid&amp;#39; parameter along with the &amp;#39;filter=self&amp;#39; or &amp;#39;filter=selfexecutable&amp;#39; values. This allows the attacker to gain unauthorized visibility into templates and ISOs under the ROOT domain.<br /> <br /> A malicious admin can enumerate and extract metadata of templates and ISOs that belong to unrelated domains, violating isolation boundaries and potentially exposing sensitive or internal configuration details. <br /> <br /> This vulnerability has been fixed by ensuring the domain resolution strictly adheres to the caller&amp;#39;s scope rather than defaulting to the ROOT domain.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Affected users are recommended to upgrade to Apache CloudStack 4.19.3.0 or 4.20.1.0.

The Archify application contains a local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient client validation in its privileged helper tool, com.oct4pie.archifyhelper, which is exposed via XPC. Archify follows the "factored applications" model, delegating privileged operations—such as arbitrary file deletion and file permission changes—to this helper running as root. However, the helper does not verify the code signature, entitlements, or signing flags of the connecting client. Although macOS provides secure validation mechanisms like auditToken, these are not implemented. As a result, any local process can establish a connection to the helper and invoke privileged functionality, leading to unauthorized execution of actions with root-level privileges.

A vulnerability in the K7RKScan.sys driver, part of the K7 Security Anti-Malware suite, allows a local low-privilege user to send crafted IOCTL requests to terminate a wide range of processes running with administrative or system-level privileges, with the exception of those inherently protected by the operating system. This flaw stems from missing access control in the driver&amp;#39;s IOCTL handler, enabling unprivileged users to perform privileged actions in kernel space. Successful exploitation can lead to denial of service by disrupting critical services or privileged applications.

The ws.stash.app.mac.daemon.helper tool contains a vulnerability caused by an incorrect use of macOS’s authorization model. Instead of validating the client&amp;#39;s authorization reference, the helper invokes AuthorizationCopyRights() using its own privileged context (root), effectively authorizing itself rather than the client. As a result, it grants the system.preferences.admin right internally, regardless of the requesting client&amp;#39;s privileges. This flawed logic allows unprivileged clients to invoke privileged operations via XPC, including unauthorized changes to system-wide network preferences such as SOCKS, HTTP, and HTTPS proxy settings. The absence of proper code-signing checks further enables arbitrary processes to exploit this flaw, leading to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks through traffic redirection.

The macOS Rocket.Chat application is affected by a vulnerability that allows bypassing Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC) policies, enabling the exploitation or abuse of permissions specified in its entitlements (e.g., microphone, camera, automation, network client). Since Rocket.Chat was not signed with the Hardened Runtime nor set to enforce Library Validation, it is vulnerable to DYLIB injection attacks, which can lead to unauthorized actions or escalation of permissions. Consequently, an attacker gains capabilities that are not permitted by default under the Sandbox and its application profile.

Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.22 and earlier are affected by a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be abused by a low privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields. Malicious JavaScript may be executed in a victim’s browser when they browse to the page containing the vulnerable field.

Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.22 and earlier are affected by a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be abused by a low privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields. Malicious JavaScript may be executed in a victim’s browser when they browse to the page containing the vulnerable field.

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Apache CloudStack versions 4.10.0.0 through 4.20.0.0 where a malicious Domain Admin user in the ROOT domain can reset the password of user-accounts of Admin role type. This operation is not appropriately restricted and allows the attacker to assume control over higher-privileged user-accounts. A malicious Domain Admin attacker can impersonate an Admin user-account and gain access to sensitive APIs and resources that could result in the compromise of resource integrity and confidentiality, data loss, denial of service, and availability of infrastructure managed by CloudStack.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Users are recommended to upgrade to Apache CloudStack 4.19.3.0 or 4.20.1.0, which fixes the issue with the following:<br /> * Strict validation on Role Type hierarchy: the caller&amp;#39;s user-account role must be equal to or higher than the target user-account&amp;#39;s role.<br /> * API privilege comparison: the caller must possess all privileges of the user they are operating on. <br /> * Two new domain-level settings (restricted to the default Admin): <br />  - role.types.allowed.for.operations.on.accounts.of.same.role.type: Defines which role types are allowed to act on users of the same role type. Default: "Admin, DomainAdmin, ResourceAdmin". <br />    - allow.operations.on.users.in.same.account: Allows/disallows user operations within the same account. Default: true.

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Apache CloudStack versions 4.10.0.0 through 4.20.0.0 where a malicious Domain Admin user in the ROOT domain can get the API key and secret key of user-accounts of Admin role type in the same domain. This operation is not appropriately restricted and allows the attacker to assume control over higher-privileged user-accounts. A malicious Domain Admin attacker can impersonate an Admin user-account and gain access to sensitive APIs and resources that could result in the compromise of resource integrity and confidentiality, data loss, denial of service, and availability of infrastructure managed by CloudStack.<br /> <br /> Users are recommended to upgrade to Apache CloudStack 4.19.3.0 or 4.20.1.0, which fixes the issue with the following:<br /> <br /> <br /> * Strict validation on Role Type hierarchy: the caller&amp;#39;s role must be equal to or higher than the target user&amp;#39;s role. <br /> * API privilege comparison: the caller must possess all privileges of the user they are operating on. <br /> * Two new domain-level settings (restricted to the default admin): <br />  - role.types.allowed.for.operations.on.accounts.of.same.role.type: Defines which role types are allowed to act on users of the same role type. Default: "Admin, DomainAdmin, ResourceAdmin". <br />  - allow.operations.on.users.in.same.account: Allows/disallows user operations within the same account. Default: true.

A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System 1.0 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Admin/add-fee.php. The manipulation of the argument txtamt leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.